A new Russian mRNA cancer vaccine is nearing clinical use, offering a personalized approach with fewer side effects while training the immune system to target and destroy tumors—a potential game-changer in cancer treatment.
By Tauheed Ahmad
Russian scientists are on the cusp of a groundbreaking achievement in the fight against cancer. The Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, led by Alexander Gintsburg, is finalizing its work on a cancer vaccine that is expected to be available for clinical use by September 2025. The vaccine, which harnesses mRNA technology—the same technology that proved pivotal in developing Covid-19 vaccines—has shown great promise in targeting and eliminating cancer cells.
According to Gintsburg, the vaccine works by training the immune system to detect and destroy malignant cells. Unlike traditional cancer treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation, which often have severe side effects, this vaccine specifically targets tumor cells, allowing for a more personalized treatment. “This technology allows us to produce a very high concentration of the target protein required to train the immune system,” Gintsburg said. “Every patient will have their own vaccine, as no two tumors are alike.”
Initial trials have shown promising results, and researchers are now expanding their studies to tackle a variety of cancers, including melanoma and non-small-cell lung cancer, a particularly deadly form. With over 13,000 new cancer cases reported annually in Jammu and Kashmir, this innovative treatment could offer much-needed hope to those battling cancer in the region.
Despite Russia’s announcement of developing a personalized mRNA-based cancer vaccine expected to be available by early 2025, the news has received limited international coverage and has been met with skepticism from the scientific community. Experts have raised concerns over the lack of publicly available research and clinical data supporting the vaccine’s efficacy, leading to a cautious response. Reports suggest that major Western media outlets have downplayed the development, possibly due to geopolitical biases and doubts regarding the transparency of Russian scientific advancements. However, if successful, the vaccine could represent a significant breakthrough in cancer treatment, offering personalized immunotherapy to patients worldwide.
As reported by The Times of India, Dr. Naveen Sanchety, Director and Head of Oncosurgery at Sarvodaya Healthcare in Faridabad, noted that global research into mRNA-based cancer vaccines is ongoing, with some promising interim results, such as a phase I trial in the United States involving the CureVac vaccine, particularly in treating aggressive cancers like glioblastoma. Similarly, Dr. Mohit Saxena, Consultant and Head of Medical Oncology at Manipal Hospital in Gurugram, pointed out that while cancer vaccines have been explored for decades, their success has been limited. He emphasized that apart from Sipuleucel-T for metastatic prostate cancer, most remain in experimental stages and require further validation.
Cancer remains a critical public health challenge in India, with cases projected to rise significantly. In India, approximately 100 out of every 1 lakh people are diagnosed with cancer. According to the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), more than 14 lakh new cancer cases were estimated in 2023 (ICMR Report, 2023). This surge in cancer cases is not just a national concern but is also being felt acutely in regions like Jammu and Kashmir, where cancer cases continue to rise.
The National Cancer Registry Programme (NCRP), initiated by ICMR in 1982, has been tracking cancer incidence, burden, and trends, playing a vital role in gathering and analyzing data to make evidence-based policy decisions (National Cancer Registry Programme, ICMR). Additionally, the National Institute of Cancer Prevention & Research (NICPR) is actively involved in research and setting screening guidelines under the National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases, and Stroke (NPCDCS).
The Government of India has introduced various policies, interventions, and financial assistance schemes to bolster cancer prevention, early detection, treatment, and patient care. These measures are designed to create a more inclusive and accessible cancer care system across the nation. A key highlight is the Union Budget 2025-26, which underscores the government’s commitment to improving cancer care through initiatives such as:
• Establishing Day Care Cancer Centres in district hospitals, with 200 centers planned for 2025-26.
• Customs Duty Exemptions for 36 life-saving cancer drugs, and concessions on six other essential drugs (Union Budget 2025-26, Ministry of Finance).
In Jammu and Kashmir, the rising cancer incidence represents a growing health crisis, with over 12,000 new cases reported annually. The data from the region’s top healthcare institutions tells a sobering story: Sher-e-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS) recorded 44,112 cancer cases from 2013 to 2023, while Shri Maharaja Hari Singh (SMHS) Hospital documented 6,379 cases between 2017 and 2023. The Government Medical College Anantnag alone registered over 1,600 cancer patients in recent years, indicating a significant burden (Hospital Reports, 2023).
Despite the alarming rise in cases, the region continues to suffer from a lack of advanced diagnostic tools and treatment facilities. Patients often have to wait months for essential scans like PET scans at SKIMS, or they are forced to seek expensive alternatives at private hospitals. The financial burden of cancer treatment has left many families struggling.
Sajad Ahmad, whose mother was diagnosed with cancer in 2023, recounts the emotional and financial toll. “Initially, we sought treatment in Kashmir, but when her condition worsened, we had no choice but to go to a private hospital in Delhi. If better facilities were available here, we wouldn’t have had to endure this stress. Even basic diagnostics like PET scans have long waiting periods at SKIMS, and while private options exist, they are far too expensive for most families,” he says.
Fayaz Ahmad, another resident, shares a similar experience. His wife was diagnosed with intestinal cancer at an early stage, and while she managed to receive treatment at a private hospital in Kashmir, the cost was overwhelming. “The financial strain is immense, even for those getting treated locally. Many patients, unable to afford private healthcare, are forced to travel to Delhi or Mumbai, further adding to their hardships,” he explains.
Their stories reflect a widespread crisis in Kashmir, where inadequate infrastructure and costly private healthcare push many patients to seek treatment outside the region. For families already struggling with the emotional toll of cancer, the additional financial burden only worsens their ordeal.
The prevalent cancers in the Kashmir Valley include skin cancer (often linked to the use of the traditional Kangri firepot), as well as lung, breast, rectal, stomach, prostate, liver, cervical, esophageal, bladder, and blood cancers. Notably, breast cancer has seen a rise, with 9,321 women testing positive between 2019 and 2023. During the same period, 2,024 women lost their lives to breast cancer in J&K. At GMC Jammu, 727 breast cancer cases were reported over the past five years (Jammu and Kashmir Cancer Registry).
The growing number of malignancies among children has also been a concerning trend in the region. Factors contributing to this surge include lifestyle choices, environmental issues, and limited access to advanced diagnostic facilities. The unhealthy dietary habits prevalent in Kashmir have been identified as a contributing factor. While awareness campaigns about healthier lifestyles are essential, there is an urgent need to enhance diagnostic and treatment facilities in the region, especially given that many patients have to seek treatment in advanced cancer centers outside J&K, such as in Delhi and Mumbai.
However, the ability to afford such treatments is often limited to the wealthier section of the population, leaving a large portion of the population dependent solely on institutions like SKIMS and SMHS. With more financial aid and infrastructure, a broader segment of the population could benefit from the treatment.
In light of these pressing concerns, Irfan, another resident who is currently in Delhi for his cousin’s breast cancer radiation, says, “There is a critical need for the administration to take a more proactive approach. Increasing resource allocation for cancer treatment is paramount, as is the investigation into the root causes behind the rise in cancer cases in the region. Research studies conducted by major healthcare institutions should be made publicly available to help people better understand the factors contributing to the surge in cancer cases, allowing them to take preventive measures.”
Rising Cancer Cases
Dr. Sameer Koul, Oncologist, in an interview with Srinagar-based news channel Kashmir Observer
The incidence of cancer is on the rise globally, but as Dr. Sameer Koul, an oncologist, points out, cancer has always existed in some form. “It was always there, even in ancient times, but it wasn’t recognized or named,” he explains. “In the past, when people over 50 became gravely ill, it was likely cancer, but no treatment was provided.”
With advances in healthcare, life expectancy has risen, allowing for better treatment options, even for older patients diagnosed with cancers like prostate, esophagus, stomach, and lung. “These cancers, which are more common in old age, are now identified, documented, and treated,” Dr. Koul notes. However, lifestyle changes, such as increased obesity, junk food consumption, alcohol, and tobacco use, are contributing to the rising number of cancer cases.
Dr. Koul predicts a cancer epidemic in the coming decade, particularly in lower socio-economic regions of India, including areas like Kashmir. “Obesity and poor lifestyle choices are adding to the rising numbers,” he warns. “In 2035, I foresee a huge surge in cancer cases, especially in regions like Kashmir, which are seeing a troubling rise in diagnoses, in addition to other parts of India.”
Economic Drain of Cancer Treatment
The financial burden of cancer treatment is another alarming issue. “Cancer is the leading cause of personal bankruptcy in North America,” Dr. Koul states. “Treatment costs are astronomical—new injections alone can cost lakhs. The financial strain on families is overwhelming.” Without adequate insurance coverage and limited government support for healthcare, many patients in India find themselves in a financial crisis when facing a cancer diagnosis.
“The insurance penetration in this country is negligible, and government spending on healthcare is minimal,” he adds. “Research funding is critical for new treatments and better facilities, but without significant investment, progress will remain slow.”
While the rise in cancer cases is concerning, Dr. Koul emphasizes that prevention and early detection are key. “Our first goal should be to prevent cancer by adopting healthier lifestyles,” he advises. “A lean body, free from morbid obesity, can reduce the risk of developing cancer. In fact, one-third of cancers can be prevented through simple lifestyle changes.”
He further explains that one-third of cancers are genetic, a non-modifiable risk factor, but medical advancements may one day allow us to modify genes to reduce these risks. “It’s crucial to catch cancer early,” he urges. “Secondary prevention, such as regular checkups, is vital. Early detection can save lives.”
Focus on Prevention and Raising Awareness
Dietary habits also play a role in cancer prevention. “Pickles, which contain preservatives, and foods we love to consume, are linked to increased cancer risks,” says Dr. Koul. “In Kashmir, pickles are a beloved staple, but their consumption needs to be moderated.”
Similarly, environmental factors such as pollution and the use of dyed clothes should be avoided. “We need to focus on secondary prevention, which means catching cancer in its early stages,” Dr. Koul stresses. “When diagnosed in stages 3 or 4, it becomes much harder to treat effectively.”
Need for Knowledgeable Policymakers
Dr. Koul argues that creating effective health policies requires knowledge and expertise. “We cannot rely on policymakers who have little understanding of the disease,” he says. “We need informed individuals to design health policies that benefit the entire population.”
A more morally and economically just approach is required to tackle the cancer crisis, as he believes achieving these goals will remain impossible without the proper support. “Better value healthcare, stronger policy implementation and ethical governance are essential to fighting this growing epidemic,” Dr. Koul concludes. “It is time for India, especially regions like Kashmir, to take these issues seriously.”
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